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In about 1063, a group of Venetian statesmen and religious leaders decided to build a cathedral on the existing grounds of an even older church, the plan being to house and honour the remains of the saint, Mark the Evangelist; the original building became the crypt of the new, magnificent basilica. Erected over a number of years (the gold mosaic floor alone took centuries), by a range of local craftsmen, the cathedral is attached to the adjacent Doge’s Palace and was originally its chapel.
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St. Mark's Basilica, located in Venice, Italy, is one of the most famous and visually stunning cathedrals in the world. Originally built in the 9th century to house the relics of St. Mark the Evangelist, which were smuggled out of Alexandria, Egypt, the basilica has been rebuilt and expanded several times over the centuries, resulting in its current magnificent form.
The basilica is renowned for its opulent design and extensive use of golden mosaics, which cover an area of about 8,000 square meters. These mosaics depict scenes from the Bible and the life of St. Mark, illuminating the interior with a heavenly glow that has earned the basilica the nickname "Chiesa d'Oro" or "Church of Gold."
The basilica's famous bronze horses, known as the Horses of Saint Mark, are replicas of ancient statues that were looted from Constantinople during the Fourth Crusade in 1204. Originally placed on the façade of the basilica, the horses were moved indoors to protect them from damage, and the replicas now stand in their place outside, overlooking the Piazza San Marco.
An architectural masterpiece, St. Mark's Basilica blends elements of Byzantine, Romanesque, and Gothic architecture, reflecting the diverse influences that have shaped Venice's history. The basilica's iconic façade features five domes and a series of arches adorned with statues, mosaics, and marble columns, showcasing the wealth and artistic heritage of the Venetian Republic.
The Pala d'Oro, an exquisite altarpiece located inside the basilica, is one of the most valuable and important examples of Byzantine enamel work. Composed of gold, silver, and hundreds of gemstones, the Pala d'Oro is a stunning testament to the craftsmanship of medieval artisans and the basilica's long-standing connection to Byzantine culture.
Time Zone: Venice operates on Central European Time (CET), which is 1 hour ahead of Greenwich Mean Time (GMT+1).
Weather: Venice has a humid subtropical climate. Summers are warm and humid with average temperatures around 27°C (81°F), while winters are cold with temperatures averaging around 3°C (37°F). Acqua alta (high water) is a phenomenon that causes flooding in Venice, typically occurring in autumn and winter.
Population: Venice has a population of about 260,000 residents. However, this number is steadily decreasing due to various factors, including rising living costs and flooding issues.
Size: The city covers an area of about 414.6 square kilometers (160.1 square miles), including both the lagoon and the historical city.
Language: Italian is the official language. Venetian, a distinct dialect of Italian, is also widely spoken. English is commonly used in tourist areas.
Currency: Italy uses the Euro (€). Credit cards are widely accepted, but it’s always useful to have cash for smaller shops and restaurants.
Safety: Venice is generally safe for tourists. However, like in any major tourist destination, it's wise to be cautious of pickpockets and scams targeting tourists.
Tipping: Tipping in Venice is not obligatory, but it's appreciated. In restaurants, it’s customary to leave a small tip (around 5-10%) if the service is good.
Electricity and Plugs: Italy uses Type C, F, and L plugs, and the standard voltage is 230 V with a standard frequency of 50 Hz. Travelers from countries with different standards will need adapters.
Water: Tap water in Venice is safe to drink. In fact, it's known for being high quality.
Address:
Piazza San Marco
Website: www.basilicasanmarco.it/en/basilica
Latitude: 45.4346
Longitude: 12.3398